DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED VIDEO CAMERA
SYSTEM FOR PRESENTING AND ONLINE TEACHING
Abstract – The Covid-19 pandemic had a greater impact on the
day-to-day life of people around the world. Due to the pandemic,
most countries have started to change their education system
into an ‘online teaching method’ and have tried to carry out the
educational system unstopped. As a result of this pandemic,
most of the higher education sector and secondary education
sector in the world has started to offer courses in an online
manner. In Sri Lanka, most of the teachers use online meeting
software applications to communicate with children via the inbuilt camera in the instrument they are using. Sometimes
teachers shared their screens with students and use slides or
lecture notes while teaching. Usually, teachers or lecturers used
several blackboards or whiteboards to explain the subjects in the
face-to-face classroom session. In an online delivery system,some
teachers teach using a board and film the lecture using a
separate camera and a person to operate the camera. This
method has several issues, cannot capture several boards at one
time clearly, and so on. If the lecturer uses another board for
teaching purposes without regular ones, the camera cannotmove
directly in the board’s direction without an operator. Because
the camera frame is focused on a single normal teachingboard
and if the camera changes its capturing position manually, it
causes unclear video capturing. Therefore, this research paper
is presented to overcome those problems using an automated
camera system.
.
Keywords—Online Teaching, Computer Vision, Pan-tilt
Mechanism.
Authors —K.K.B. Kariyawasam1
, K.A.V. Perera2
, M.P.H. Nuwan3
, D.D.D. Suraweera
AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED ALGORITHM FOR THE VISUALLY
IMPAIRED TO LISTEN TO THECONTENTS OF TEXT IN AN IMAGE
Abstract – This paper presents an algorithm that can be used in
a smart Computer vision device for the visually impaired.
Complete or virtually full loss of eyesight is referred to as
blindness. Wordsin an image object can be difficult for the blind
to decipher. This program allows the blind to read written and
handwritten material with the same ease as sighted people. For
the benefit of the visually impaired, this system’s primary
purpose is to convert the written text included in an image into
spoken language, and in order to create the algorithm, we use
Artificial Intelligence. Those who are blind or have low vision
will find this approach especially helpful to listen to necessary
content.
Keywords—Artificial Intelligence; Visual Impairment;
Algorithm; Computer Vision; Text to Speech.
Authors —E.A.G.A. Edirisinghe, J.A.S.Y. Jayasinghe
ENHANCING VOLTAGE REGULATION IN DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS
WITHHIGH PHOTOVOLTAIC PENETRATION FROM ROOFTOP SOLAR
Abstract—In recent times, much attention has been given to
developing renewable energy sources and utilizing them to their
maximum capacity. In Sri Lanka, solar power has topped the list.
One of the adverse effects of increased Photo-voltaic penetration on
the low-voltage distribution system is a decrease in reliability which
is the root cause of overvoltage. This research has examined the
impacts of overvoltage in roof-top PV on the distribution network
and evaluates possible mitigation actions in terms of voltage and
power quality. A simulation is done, and a real-time implementation
of a buck converter is designed for roof-top solar PV users to limit
the power output to a value at the threshold of commencement of
overvoltage without tripping due to high photovoltaic penetration.
The results show that the developed controller can drive the output
voltage of the buck converter to the desired voltage reference and
reduce a pre-defined power output regardless of solar PV input
voltage variations.
Keywords—rooftop solar PV, overvoltage, high photo-voltaic
penetration, power electronics, system stability.
Authors —J.R.Lucas1
, P.S.N.de Silva
, C.D. Pathirana
,
THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR ENHANCING CONSTRUCTION
EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH THE USE OF AN
AUTOMATIC FLOOR LEVELLINGMACHINE
Abstract—In today’sfast-paced society, efficiency and speed
are highly valued, especially in the construction industry.To
address the challenges of irregularities and slowness in the
construction process, various tools and machines have been
developed to improve productivity and streamline workflows.
One such innovative machine is designed to automate the
manual leveling task, which is known to be both tedious and
complex. By automating this process, the construction industry
can achieve higher precision and ease of use, improving
efficiency. The proposed machine utilizes the Arduino method
for its programming, offering several benefits. It allows for
better control of mechanical parts, efficient time management,
ease of programming, increased profitability, and space
efficiency. These features enhance productivity and make the
machine an attractive investment for the construction industry.
The construction industry can save time and money by replacing
traditional manual methods, which are time- consuming and
require skilled labor, with automated floor leveling technology.
The automation reduces labor costs, increases precision, and
improves overall workflow efficiency, leading to higher-quality
work and timely project completion. In summary, the
development of machines designed for automated floor leveling
represents a significant advancement in improving the efficiency
and productivity of the constructionindustry. Using sensitive,
high-tech devices and Arduinoprogramming provides several
advantages over traditional manual methods. These advantages
include increased precision,reduced labor costs, and improved
workflow efficiency. As the construction industry continually
embraces new technological advancements, this technology
represents a valuable investment to enhance construction
processes further.
Keywords—Flow levelling, Robotics, Efficiency, Productivity,
Arduino.
Authors —B.U.G.C. Gunawardhana, G.G.V.P. Rajakaruna, H.M.R.G. Herath, Sanjeewa D.A Sondarangalla
ANOMALY DETECTION IN TRADING BY MODELING THE UNDERLYING
STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
Abstract—We present a new algorithm to estimate a profile of
trading and detect instances of market manipulation. The
algorithm estimates a profile of the changes to the demand and
supply of a stock.
The algorithm estimates the pattern of trading as a sequence of
dependent events with each event contributing to the outcome
of the market.
The events are grouped in the order in which they are generated
to form sequences. The events segment trading into sequences of
a fixed number of events delimited as windows. The time
interval of the sequence and length of window in time will vary
depending on the activity in the market.
The window controls the resolution of the analysis. The amount
of information about the variation lost from averaging.
Each event is an order of a specific type, price and volume in
time. The sequence of orders placed is modeled as a Markov
process with probability of transitioning from one type of order
to another estimated from past observations in the sequence.
The sequences can be compared by comparing the transition
matrices.
The volume of an order is modeled as being composed of a series
of orders of the same type but having a predefined unit volume
to make the total effect of the series equivalent to the volume of
the original market order.
The algorithm estimates the distribution in the data adapting
to changes. It can adapt to new markets and conditions. It
operates by comparing trading sessions modeled as sequences to
detect those that are outliers. The outliers can be detected onthe
variables used to describe the trading and include those patterns
that are trading anomalies.
K-Means clustering, principal component analysis and
Mahalanobis distance methods of analysis are applied to
variables defined on the sequence to identify outliers
corresponding to similarity, correlation in types of orders
observed during a window, and the distribution in the data
respectively. The three kinds of outliers are classified into
segments by the degree of overlap in a Venn diagram.
This model of trading relates prices to the sequence in which the
orders are placed. The estimated profile of trading can be used
to provide information to trade by using past patterns to
estimate future trends.
A windowed technique where the performance scales with the
number of calculations needed to process a sequence of a fixed
number of events.
Keywords—machine learning; survelliance; markov random
process; market manipulation; anomaly detection; outlier
detection; Mahalanobis distance; principal component analysis;
K-Means cluster analysis.
Authors —Asoka Korale
ANALYSIS OF APPLICATIONS OF LINE DROP COMPENSATION FOR
LOW-COST SUBSTATIONS INSRI LANKA
Abstract—Voltage drop at distant locations of distribution lines
create problems in many ways. Since most distribution
transformers are equipped with Off-Circuit Tap Changers
(OCTC), consumer voltage drops below the recommended
limits. In Sri Lanka, this phenomenon has caused under voltages
below 400 V at consumer side at long distances. So far, the
solution has been to construct new substations at suchlocations.
However, it is possible to use the “Line drop compensation”
(LDC) option available in power transformer OLTC to mitigate
this issue for some extent. In this study, we present up to which
lengths line drop compensation option could be used to regulate
line voltage at nominal level using a simulation model in
DIgSILENT PowerFactory. Actual line, and equipment
parameters were used in this study. Results show that load
power factor has a direct correlation with the line length.
Further, Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and capacitor
bank combination could be used to go for increased line
distances. In conclusion, these options could be implemented in
the Sri Lankan transmission network to increase the coverage
of transmission grid substations. We can avoid costs on new
transmission grid substations with this.
Keywords—Line drop compensation; voltage drop; OLTC;
DIgSILENT; substations.
Authors —B.L.E.A. Balasuriya, G.W.I.M. Gunathilaka
ENERGY CONSERVING ECONOMICAL AUTOMATED SMART
CONTROL SYSTEM FOR STREET LIGHTING
Abstract—In a set of street lighting systems, there are switches
fixed to the street light poles that are situated along the roads,
usually, people neglect to switch off and wasting energy
during the day. A set of street lights with a single switch to
turn on and off is another type and this system requires
additional wiring for controlling. The street lights that are
connected to a photodiode operates according to the sunlight
level is another type of street lighting and cannot be operated
remotely as it automatically turns the lights on and off. Thus,
a massive amount of energy is wasted. The street light system
of wireless operated also not suitable for street lights in
developing countries such as Sri Lanka, because the wireless
automation unit cost is high. Hence it is conclusive that a
smart control system for street lighting is a necessity. This
research scrutinizes the feasibility of an economical
automated system for the street lights which subsequently will
reduce power wastage and increase efficiency. By using the
planned system, every light can be controlled whenever
needed, without additional cost for wiring to control the lights
and switches for every pole. For the experiment, home
electrical system automation protocol X-10 has been selected
as the power line communication protocol. With the proposed
system, the control signal can be sent over the power lines.
Instead of the requirement of wiring, another line for
controlling is advantageous than wired and wireless systems.
Fixing the implemented receiver unit for every light is
sufficient. The cost of the receiver unit also will be less
compared to the existing systems and the cost of energy
wastage.
Keywords—: X-10 protocol, power line Communication protocol,
energy conservation.
Authors —N.D.G.Thathsara Nanayakkara, W.K.M.Nuwan Bandara, L.G.P.Kasunika Guruge
A NOVAL MODEL FOR OPTIMIZING PUMPING ENERGY CONSUMPTIONIN
BIOMASS HIGH PRESSURE HOT WATER GENERATOR
Abstract—High-Pressure Hot Water (HPHW) for a variety of
applications in the manufacturing industry, including leaching,
curing, and drying. Nowadays HPHW is primarily generated
using Biomass Hot Water Generators that require centrifugal
pumps to maintain minimum hot water flow and pressure.
Attributable to the criticalness in maintain pressure above
saturation and evade steaming in the system, designers may
allow for an excessive margin of error when deciding the
capacity and developed head of centrifugal pumps used for
HPHW circulation. An oversized pump will deliver more flow
and discharge pressure than is required for the system and
therefore impact the smooth synchronization of the HPHW
system. To overcome such a scenario, throttling is used to
influence the flow rate and discharge pressure in the pumping
system by varying system resistance. It is the simplest way to
shift the operating point of a centrifugal pump because it uses
existing valves fitted inside, upstream, or downstream of the
HPHW system. However, control by throttling is the least
energy-efficient control method as it is based on the principle of
control by generating losses.
Existing Lanka BIOMASS 2 HPHW GENERATOR circulation
pumps operate in Star-Delta Circuit, while discharge pressure
and flow rate are regulated by throttling manual valves at the
pump discharge. This study is on the possibility of reducing
pumping losses by changing the speed of the circulation pump
used in the HPHW generator. The possibility of using Variable
Frequency Drives (VFD) to reduce energy consumption was
studied based on calculations and verified with pump OEM
datasheets. Finally, the technical and economic viability of using
VSD for improving pumping efficiency in existing BIOMASS 2
HPHW GENERATOR is presented and discussed.
Keywords—: component; Energy Management, Centrifugal
pumps energy conservation, VFD Flow Control, Valve Throttling.
Authors —Hasanka S. Haputhantiri
, Damith Dilhan, Malinga Hewawitharana
MALWARE DETECTION OF IOT NETWORKS USING MACHINE
LEARNING: AN EXPERIMENTALSTUDY WITH EDGE IIOT DATASET
Abstract—Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a powerful tool that
assists security operation analysts in addressing threats in
sectors like IIoT and IoT. As cyber-attacks increase, proactive
security measures are crucial to protect critical infrastructure
and sensitive data. AI-based learning models provide deeper
insights into cyber threats, aiding in the development of effective
mitigation strategies. This work contributes towards using
supervised Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for Internet of
things(IoT) sensor data to identify vulnerabilities. Supervised
ML algorithms, including KNN, DTC, LR, SVM, and RFC, are
evaluated using the “Edge-IIoTset” dataset for malware
detection. Results show that RFC achieves 94% accuracy,
outperforming other algorithms.
Keywords—
Authors —Nizwan Hamza, MWP Maduranga, H.K.I.S Lakmal, R.P.S Kathriarachchi
IOT BASED SMART PLANT MONITORING SYSTEM WITH
AUTOMATED WATERING AND FERTILIZING
Abstract—It is vital in gardening and agriculture to main-tain
the plants properly to ensure proper growth and health.Therefore,
it is important to continuously monitor whether the plants get
water, sunlight, and fertilizers properly. To achieve this “IOT
Based Smart Plant Monitoring System with AutomatedWatering
and Fertilizing” keeps tracking about important factors
surrounding the plants such as soil moisture level, sunlight,
humidity, and temperature. By keep tracking above parameters,
“IOT Based Smart Plant Monitoring System with Automated
Watering and Fertilizing” will be able to automatically water the
plants, capable of applying liquid fertilizer automatically under
a user-defined time cycle and a horticulture led grow light can also
be automatically provided if the system is used in an indoor
environment, based on the indoor lighting conditions. Also, these
collected sensor data and automated activities can be monitored in
real time, manually configured, and operate using a mobile device.
Keywords—IOT, Plant Monitoring, Automated, Fertilizing,
Watering, Automated
Authors —Anuradha Jayakody
,Shashika Lokuliyana
, Pipuni Wijesiri
, I.S.Hathurusinghe
, L.D.S.Perera
,P.T.L.Dilshan
, W.A.K.M.Perera
Critical Assessment of Machine Learning-Based Approaches for Predicting
System Inertia in Power Systems
Abstract—The increasing integration of renewable energy
sources in power systems has led to declining system inertia,
making power grid stability a significant challenge.
Machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as a
promising approach to predicting system inertia and
enhancing grid stability. This paper critically assesses
various ML-based methods for predicting system inertia in
power systems. We will discuss the current state of research,
the challenges and limitations of existing ML approaches,
and potential future directions for improving prediction
accuracy and real-world implementation. This paper aims
to provide researchers and practitioners with a
comprehensive understanding of ML-based system inertia
prediction techniques and their applicability in modern
power systems.
Keywords—system inertia, machine learning, power grid
stability, renewable energy integration, inertia prediction
Authors —Wijekoon W.M.K.G.V.B.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT OF WASTE WATER HEAT RECOVERY
UNIT FOR GLOVEMANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Abstract—High-Pressure Hot Water (HPHW) is used for variety
of applications glove manufacturing industry, including
leaching, curing, and drying. During leaching process, HPHW
is used to heat up liquids inside process tanks and majority of
this thermal energy is lost to the drain and considered as an
industrial waste.
In glove manufactrurig, there are two types of leaching called
pre leaching and post leaching in each dip machine. Both
processes involves increasing the temperature of fresh water or
other chemical in an open tank upto 90 C using HPHW and heat
exchangers.
The heated content inside these leaching tanks are continously
replaced with new liuids and the excess is drained out and
transfered to the efluent treatment plant. The drained content
usually consist a temperature between 55C to 90C and
considered as waste thermal energy lost in the industrial
process.
The implemented tank is designed based on recovering heat
from drain water and preheating incoming fresh water. In
addition, special considerations was taken to minimize fouling
which may contribute to the loss of efficiency in the WWHRU.
Keywords—component; Waster Water Hear Recovery System
,Energy Management, Centrifugal pumps energy conservation,
VFD Flow Control, Valve Throttling.
Authors —Jayashani Ridmika